Output falling to meet lower demand

The petroleum report showed crude oil inventories fall closer to the average range, with its fifth straight week of significant decline. This slide has been largely driven by lower imports. A drop in US crude output is also helping to restore some balance – production is now ~5% lower (~.3 million barrels per day (Mbd)) than its highs during the Spring.

However, petroleum product inventories remain high. Gasoline increased to high levels as demand remains down 1.3% from last year. Distillates (mainly diesel) and propane also increased last week, with distillate demand down a huge 28.9% from 2008. Continued weak demand has sent crude prices down more than 15% from their early July highs and has gasoline falling back below $2.60 per gallon nationwide after almost touching $2.70 a couple weeks ago. As I wrote last week, it will take a marked drop in output or recovery in demand for prices to hike back up significantly in this prolonged recession.

A similar story for natural gas

The weekly natural gas storage report conveyed a similar story. Low prices have lowered output and induced a greater consumption of natural gas for electricity generation (substituting coal). These shifts are slowly returning inventories to balance, as inventories are now 19% rather than 23% above the historical average. It will take months of suppressed prices (and thus lower output) before the surplus subsides.

Prices to mirror recovery

Economic stability is necessary to bring real balance to fuel inventories and lift natural gas and oil prices. These lower costs can help consumers get their finances back into balance before the age of efficiency and renewables really kicks in a few months from now.

Onwards-

The Details

After 2008 witnessed a US emissions fall of almost 3% (due mostly to oil demand decreasing in response to higher prices), all fossil fuels are contributing to this year’s emissions drop. Coal has the biggest drop, now estimated to be ~6.9% due to lower industrial demand and low-priced natural gas replacing some coal in the electricity sector. Oil demand is revised downward from June to a fall of 3.3% for the year. And natural gas was revised downward to a consumption level 2.3% below 2008. All of these drops translate into energy-related emissions that are 4.3% below last year.

1990 Levels Not Far Away

Such a drop would make 2009 emissions just ~6.5% above 1990 levels and already 7.5% below 2005 levels. It would make 1990 emissions levels within reach by 2015 and the Waxman-Markey goal of 17% below 2005 achievable by 2017 (rather than 2020) by just reducing emissions 1% per year going forward.

Room for Further Reductions in 2009

And I believe the EIA may still underestimate 2009 reduction in fossil fuel energy demand. Its prediction that oil demand will fall 3.3% is slower than the current consumption decrease rate above 5%. And coal demand is also falling faster than 8% so far this year (rather than the ~6.9% EIA predicts). Continuing current demand trends could send emissions down more than 5% in 2009.

Looking Ahead

The EIA predicts some rebound in energy demand in 2010, but only a fraction of this year’s drop. In fact, the .8% expected recovery in electricity demand in 2010 could be provided in full by wind, solar, and geothermal rather than switching the fossil fuel plants back on.

Bottom line: US greenhouse gas emissions are falling quickly in 2009 and bringing us within close reach (a few years) of 1990 levels. This fact means that the Senate can comfortably promote Waxman-Markey’s goal of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020 or even strengthen it back to 20% below 2005 levels by 2020. We need their leadership to get climate legislation to the President’s desk. Renewable energy and efficiency are ready to simultaneously drive economic growth, create jobs, and lower our nation’s emissions. I will keep you updated on progress as it happens.

Onwards in the Sustainable Energy Transition-

US & Europe Details

In the US, the average price per watt for a single module fell 1.1% or five cents to $4.56 per watt. This price is 5.4% below last year, but remains ~5% higher than the record low reached in 2004. In Europe, the average price fell .9% or four cents to 4.44 euros per watt. This price is a new record low and 5.5% below last year.

In kWh, the price for industrial solar electricity fell .8% or .16 cents to 20.4 cents per kWh. Prices are now the lowest since October 2004 (almost five years) and only .5% from the record low set in June 2004. We should see a new record low by the end of the summer based on current price trends.

Keynesian Price Stickiness

Prices on the individual retail side aren’t falling as quickly as the wholesale numbers I wrote about yesterday: ~5.5% vs. 40+%, respectively. Longterm contracts and general Keynesian price stickiness will eventually shakeout and the lower equilibrium will emerge by the end of 2009/beginning of 2010. And a quick note: these survey prices are per individual module. Average customers generally buy multiple modules that integrate into panels, so the price per watt for most projects is discounted for the bulk purchases to currently below $3 per watt. Still, the Solarbuzz price survey is useful as a comprehensive view of the individual retail sector and gives insight into the trends of the whole industry.

I’ll let you know as further developments occur.

Onwards in the Sustainable Energy Transition-

Oil Output Slides Slower than Demand

Oil demand is down more than 5% in 2009 thus far and shows few signs of change. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) Petroleum Weekly Report shows demand of most oil-based fuels nosediving. Gasoline, distillates (mostly diesel), and propane demand fell 3.2%, 24%, and a whopping 39%, respectively. As a tempering force to supply gains, US crude output slid 1.8% to 5.163 Mbd last week, just .8% higher than in 2008. Much further reduction in production could bring US stockpiles back into the average range and threaten to lift prices above $70 per barrel again. But more economic stability is necessary to raise prices much further.

Natural Gas Storage Finally Slows its Growth

It took sub-$4 per MMBtu and a heat wave across the South to finally keep natural gas inventories from its above average growth. Output may fall below 2008 levels in July and send prices back above $4. But again, some economic recovery is important for prices to climb significantly above $4.50 per MMBtu. Storage remains more than 20% above average, and is poised to hit new record levels by October. Natural gas will remain a strong substitute for coal this summer even though coal prices are half their 2008 average.

Low Energy Demand Means Slow Renewables Growth

It’s hard to justify strong demand for new renewable energy when overall energy demand remains significantly below 2008 levels. But if solar and wind producers can continue to lower costs and economic recovery picks up in the second half of 2009, we may be on the cusp of another wave of strong expansion.

Bottom line: The recession maintains its grip on fuel prices midway through 2009. Whether demand recovery, output decreases, or changes in the exchange value of the dollar will change that reality in the months ahead is difficult to know. I’ll keep you posted on these trends and their influence on greenhouse gas emissions in the weeks ahead.

Onwards in the Sustainable Energy Transition-

One of the most compelling speakers at our last day of REFF Wall Street was Deutsche Bank’s Global Head of Asset Management, Kevin Parker.

The focus of his talk was the importance for the finance community to respond to resource scarcity amidst a growing world population and the threat of catastrophic climate change. Parker cited capital markets validating renewable energy with scores of billions in investment over the last few quarters, while “clean coal” is only a dream receiving government support because it is years away from commercial viability.

Parker also emphasized the opportunity over the next several months as money moves from the sidelines (safe-haven money market accounts) back into the market. He talked of more than $10 trillion, of which a small fraction flowing into renewable energy financing could revolutionize our global energy system.

Parker believes investors are waiting for some regulatory certainty — in the form of US cap and trade bill passage and a potential federal Renewable Electricity Standard (RES). If the House passes ACES today and it is able to get through the Senate and to the President’s desk this summer, investors will have some certainty to help them get further involved in the renewable energy sector.

First Solar and other solar companies could definitely use more capital to help them continue to simultaneously break efficiency records and lower costs. First Solar announced yesterday that they aim to lower module production costs per watt by a third or more in the next five years, approaching 50 cents per watt in 2014. Such progress would put solar power on equal footing with coal electricity and lower the risks from future fuel scarcity, since there is practically an infinite supply of energy available from the sun.

The hundreds of billions of dollars that flow every year into coal and oil can shift into renewables. Such a flow would mobilize bright minds to improve energy storage and grid management and overcome the challenges from intermittency.

The technology for carbon capture and storage for coal and other fossil fuels has several years before it is ready for prime time on a multi-GW scale — Parker mentioned the date 2020. Meanwhile, renewable energy is ready to provide the US with more than 10 new GW per year in 2010 and beyond. Globally, the number is poised to approach 50 GW per year in 2010.

Parker and other speakers closed REFF-Wall Street on a positive note. The solution to climate change and resource scarcity is available and getting better in the form of efficiency, wind, solar, and other renewable energies. As debt markets and tax equity improve, regulatory frameworks solidify, and stimulus funds become available in the second half of 2009, massive amounts of capital will be deployable for the renewable energy sector. The hurt from our current recession will remain for many months, but lower prices for renewable energy in 2010+ makes it the go-to technology to achieve a stable climate and a prosperous world.

New Energy Finance

Based on his firm’s research, he called the first quarter of 2009 the bottom for renewable energy finance. He doesn’t say we are in euphoric times, but does believe renewables are poised to reach record growth again within a few quarters.

Based on their recent data, New Energy Finance predicts second quarter finance to be about double first quarter numbers and back to 2007 numbers at ~$25 billion. His slides showed a projection that US wind grows faster than any year except the record 2008. He also predicts stimulus funds will begin to help the efficiency and renewable energy sector in the late second half of 2009.

All conference speakers acknowledge that the recessionary times continue to be difficult for renewable energy. Liebreich even called 2009 the year of ramen noodle meals before spectacular growth in 2010.

On the price side, Liebreich echoed others’ emphasis on the silver lining of our recession: lower prices. For wind, turbine prices should begin to fall significantly in late 2009 and early 2010. And the solar story is much more dramatic – with module prices set to decline more than 40% this year.

Many speakers are excited about the prospect for public perception of clean energy to change from expensive to cost-competitive. For instance, SolarCity CEO Lyndon Rive is using financing to make new residential solar installations a cost-saving move for homeowners in California and Arizona. And the further reduction of solar module prices in the months ahead should make financing more available and help SolarCity grow capacity to reduce its eight-month long waiting list.

Hannon Armstrong’s CEO Jeff Eckel spoke this morning about renewable price reduction aligning the stars for an amazing 2010. Other panelists agree that the year will bring record growth in US wind and solar power, with deployment breaking 10 GW and 1 GW for the first time, respectively.

Liebreich projects that most of the federal ARRA stimulus money will flow in 2010. This means the money meant to spur economic recovery may not emerge until recovery is already upon us. But this fact was presented as a reality more than a complaint. Conference panelists are sharing great appreciation for the government support that exists, calling today an unprecedented policy environment.

So, while REFF participants concede that the recessionary hurt lingers, Liebreich makes the encouraging call that the first quarter of 2009 was the bottom for the renewable energy sector. The good news of lower prices for renewables and federal stimulus support in late 2009 and 2010 signal an upcoming boom for the sector in the quarters ahead.

I’ll keep you updated on further insight as the conference continues and beyond.

These folks aim to foster a new image for the financial capital of our country. They aim to be leaders tackling climate change and empowering an energy revolution.

The American Council On Renewable Energy (ACORE) is convening a gathering of financial muscle for the second year, entitled the Renewable Energy Financial Forum (REFF). Last year, over 600 participants came to REFF Wall Street. This year, a similar number are filling the elegant Waldorf rooms to strategize a resurgence of renewable energy finance.

Even though markets continue to struggle, the conference started with positive energy this Tuesday morning. Leaders from finance are discussing how the negative trends of 2009 can make way for robust growth in 2010 – building on the positive news emerging such as bicycle sales and lower prices for solar.

The first speaker was Undersecretary of Energy Kristina Johnson. She represented a goal-oriented DOE that is aggressively interested in tapping into the vast latent renewable resources throughout the US. She put forward goals for wind and solar power to make up 21% of US electricity in 2030 (15% and 6%, respectively). She also focused on the potential for hydropower to grow from its ~6.5% share by adding turbines to lakes that are currently solely for recreation and water supply.

International Energy Agency head, Nobuo Tanaka, called this renewable energy transition necessary to properly address the urgent climate crisis from business as usual energy consumption. He believes current US federal legislation to lower emissions 80+% by 2050 is in the range of what is needed to achieve a safe greenhouse gas concentration of 450 ppm (parts per million in the atmosphere).

The head of ACORE, Michael Eckhart, estimates that such DOE renewable energy growth goals will take $1 trillion in finance over the next two decades to come to fruition. That huge prospective capital flow is why we have standing room only filling the main ballroom. The panelists are hopeful that the current freeze in capital markets will recover by mid-2010. Cards are beings swapped, relationships are beginning, and these industry leaders have better information to lead their institutions to successful renewable energy deployment in the years ahead.

It will take a while for Wall Street to change its image from unchecked greed and rapacious industry. But gatherings like REFF can help empower an ethos of environmental stewardship and climate responsibility into the community.

I’ll keep you updated on how the conference develops over the next two days. Here’s hoping participants are able to figure out and share innovative financing methods that can continue to lower renewables’ cost and help these cleaner sources substitute dirty fossil fuels in our energy system.

Petroleum Inventories Remain Very High

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported yesterday in its weekly petroleum report that US crude oil storage fell another ~1% last week. Even so, crude supplies remain more than 10% above average and US output has been rather robust above 5.2 million barrels per day (Mbd). The lower oil rig count in 2009 has yet to lower crude oil production below last year’s levels. Gasoline is the only fuel with below-average inventory levels. And the lower pump price (compared to last year) allowed last week’s gasoline demand to rise 1.1% above the same week in 2008. But demand for distillates (mainly diesel) and propane continued to languish at recessionary low levels — 16.9% and 10.2% lower than last year, respectively. Either further demand recovery or lower output and imports are necessary to drive significant price increases from current levels.

Natural Gas Inventories Sky-High

And the storage level for natural gas has kept prices close to their recent lows below $4.50 per MMBtu. Even though natural gas is substituting coal for electricity generation across much of the Southeast, lower industrial demand and persistent high domestic production have storage levels moving toward record highs. Inventories are almost 23% above average and continue to surprise analysts with its weekly growth.

Higher Oil Prices Spur Hope for Alternatives

Bicycling, pedicabs, solar and wind power, and other alternatives to fossil fuel energy are benefitting from the return of higher oil prices. Oil is now more than double its winter low below $35 per barrel. If non-OPEC output begins to wane in the weeks ahead and the recession does begin to fade, these alternatives may surge forward quickly. I’ll keep you updated on progress in the weeks ahead.

Onwards in the Sustainable Energy Transition-

Coal Use Projected to Fall ~5%

Building on the lower coal consumption trend of the first quarter, the EIA estimates coal demand to be ~5% lower in 2009. With oil and natural gas demand down ~3% and 2.2% (respectively), energy-related US carbon dioxide emissions are projected to fall ~3.5%.

Still room for lower emissions

I still see room for even these projections to be overestimates. Coal consumption could remain almost 10% below 2008 levels due to the huge supply of natural gas and the cutbacks in industrial production from the likes of GM and Chrysler. And oil demand projections are based on a significant increase from the first five months. I see more likelihood that oil demand remains low to leave 2009 consumption at 5% or more below last year.

Such consumption would send overall carbon emissions down more than 5% in 2009 and to less than 5% above 1990 levels. Since the Waxman-Markey ACESA sets targets based on 2005 emission levels, I will also express these emissions relative to 2005. By my estimates, 2009 emissions falling 5% would lower them to more than 8% below 2005 levels. It makes the Waxman-Markey goal of 17% below 2005 achievable by reducing emissions only .8% per year.

Bottom Line: US emissions are poised to fall dramatically in 2009, putting us in a good position to lower emissions significantly below 1990 levels in the 2010s. Based on the prospect of strong growth for wind, solar, and efficiency in the years ahead, emissions levels of 20-25% below 2005 in 2020 (~8-14% below 1990 levels) are achievable by lowering emissions at a reasonable rate of ~1.5% per year.

Let’s make it happen!

Prices fell faster than costs

In the first quarter, the average selling price (ASP) of solar modules fell like a rock. Meanwhile, solar producer costs fell less quickly. For instance, China Sunergy reported its ASP fell 45% from $2.97 in the fourth quarter to $1.64 per watt! This price is 50% below their first quarter 2008 price. Sunergy took a loss of $8.8 million as its costs fell a slower ~37% pace.  They estimate a return to profitability in the second quarter on lower costs (since most of their residual high-priced polysilicon has been cleared from inventory).

Lower Polysilicon Cost Allowing Profit at $2 per Watt

Polysilicon production has now more than caught up with demand.  And major polysilicon producer, Michigan-based Hemlock Semiconductor, just announced yesterday the ahead-of-schedule completion of a plant to make an additional 8,500 tons of polysilicon per year (a more than 10% increase in its global supply). The spot price of polysilicon is reported to have fallen more than 60% from last year to as low as $65 per kilogram. Such a low polysilicon price brings silicon-based solar producers back into competition with thin-film players like First Solar moving forward.

Shipments likely to grow in second quarter

Many companies are not only predicting a return to profitability in the second quarter, but an increase in sales. For instance, Trina Solar expects to ship 23-33% more modules April-June (60-65 MW vs. 48.8 MW in the first quarter). Overall, 2009 may be a repeat of 2008 capacity growth levels ~6 GW, but revenue will be significantly lower. As long as solar producers are successful at reducing costs, the future is beginning to get bright again for industry growth.

Within a few days, I’ll share the early June tally for solar prices. And we’ll get a sense of how quickly this climate-friendly energy source can get competitive with the fossil fuel-fired power plants that dominate today.

Onwards to Sustainability-